Journal article
Maya Rajasingham, Sarka Lisonkova, Neda Razaz, Giulia M. Muraca
JAMA Network Open, vol. 9(1), 2026, pp. e2556637
JAMA Network Open, vol. 9(1), 2026, pp. e2556637
Semantic Scholar
DOI
PubMedCentral
PubMed
Cite
Cite
APA
Click to copy
Rajasingham, M., Lisonkova, S., Razaz, N., & Muraca, G. M. (2026). Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after forceps, vacuum, and second-stage cesarean delivery. JAMA Network Open, 9(1), e2556637. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.56637
Chicago/Turabian
Click to copy
Rajasingham, Maya, Sarka Lisonkova, Neda Razaz, and Giulia M. Muraca. “Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes after Forceps, Vacuum, and Second-Stage Cesarean Delivery.” JAMA Network Open 9, no. 1 (2026): e2556637.
MLA
Click to copy
Rajasingham, Maya, et al. “Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes after Forceps, Vacuum, and Second-Stage Cesarean Delivery.” JAMA Network Open, vol. 9, no. 1, 2026, p. e2556637, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.56637.
BibTeX Click to copy
@article{maya2026a,
title = {Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after forceps, vacuum, and second-stage cesarean delivery},
year = {2026},
issue = {1},
journal = {JAMA Network Open},
pages = {e2556637},
volume = {9},
doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.56637},
author = {Rajasingham, Maya and Lisonkova, Sarka and Razaz, Neda and Muraca, Giulia M.}
}
Abstract
Key Points Question Is there an association between mode of delivery in the second stage of labor and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability (ID)? Findings This cohort study of 504 380 children found higher rates of ADHD among children who underwent sequential instrument delivery compared with second-stage cesarean delivery, higher rates of ID among those who underwent vacuum delivery, and similar rates of ASD between mode of delivery groups. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that operative vaginal delivery and second-stage cesarean delivery have comparable neurodevelopmental outcomes among offspring, except among those who underwent sequential instrument and vacuum delivery, which were associated with ADHD and ID, respectively.